Genomic signatures of adaptation to novel environments: hatchery and life history-associated loci in landlocked and anadromous Atlantic salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>)

The adaptation of marine and anadromous fishes to novel, freshwater environments requires major physiological shifts in functions related osmoregulation, immunity, metabolism. For Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) populations, such changes have occurred independently many landlocked populations that were formed as a result extensive hydrological North America around 10 000 years ago. We compared patterns genetic variation between two one population identify loci may played an important evolutionary role facilitating the transition from entirely life history. Outlier included single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) genes including growth, osmoregulation. also used these same characterize associated with distinct hatchery rearing environments. This additional comparison identified outlier SNPs annotated wound healing, consistent findings other studies domestication selection fishes. Together, our results highlight putative responses both natural imposed by environmental artificial levied differing